What is the main concept of extinction in behavior analysis?

The main concept of extinction in behavior analysis refers specifically to the reduction of previously reinforced behavior. This occurs when a behavior that has been previously reinforced no longer receives reinforcement, leading to a decrease in that behavior over time. For instance, if a child stops receiving attention when they engage in a tantrum (which used to result in desired attention), the lack of reinforcement can lead to a decrease in tantrum behaviors.

Understanding this concept is pivotal in behavior modification as it helps practitioners design interventions that effectively reduce undesirable behaviors by systematically withholding reinforcement. While the introduction of new reinforcement techniques or the strengthening of existing behaviors are important aspects of behavior analysis, they do not directly address the process and implications of extinction.